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Windows 10 1703 download iso italy covid 19 – ORAL PRESENTATIONS
The obtained results indicate that the proposed approach is suitable for real-life scenarios and also performs efficiently. This approach can be easily adapted for the automated screening purposes of the COVID infected patients.
It is assumed the quality of the CT scan images is considerably high and the performance of the proposed approach is not verified against the presence of noise. It will be interesting to study the proposed approach in the presence of noise.
The scalability of the proposed approach to different types of biomedical images can be explored in future studies. Missing manual annotations can jeopardize the generalizability of the proposed work. On the other hand, the obtained results are quite promising and encouraging. From the best of the knowledge of the authors, there is no publicly available manually annotated dataset for the chest CT scan images of the COVID positive cases.
Although the proposed approach is efficient enough to segment the CT scan images automatically and produces realistic segmented outcomes still, some important drawbacks can be observed in this proposed approach that can be addressed in the subsequent works. One important drawback of the proposed approach is that it cannot automatically determine the number of clusters and it can be overcome in future works. Automated estimation of the clusters can make this approach more realistic, robust, and application friendly.
The proposed method can handle only a single objective at a time. Therefore, the proposed approach is not suitable for multi-objective optimization issues unless enhanced further. The number of images in the dataset is not very large. So, the proposed approach can also be tested on some additional CT images of COVID infection as well as on some standard dataset of the biomedical images. It neither use any training dataset nor uses any pre-trained model.
The proposed approach can effectively segment the radiological images that are collected from different patients i. It is to be clarified that this approach cannot take any decision about the type of disease automatically.
For example, the proposed approach cannot automatically differentiate between COVID related lung images and other lung diseases.
This approach aims to help physicians in early and quick interpretation of the radiological images and diagnosis of the diseases without any manual delineations. This article proposes a novel, simple and elegant solution that uses some of the important features of the chest CT scan images to screen the COVID suspected patients easily and at an early phase which can be considered as an effective tool to reduce the drastic spread of this virus.
From Fig. Both qualitative and quantitative study produces some satisfactory results which help to make the proposed approach trustworthy so that it can be reliably adapted in the real-world scenarios. The proposed approach initially performs a superpixel-based clustering using the proposed superpixel computation method which significantly reduces the computational overhead for the further clustering process by reducing a large amount of spatial information.
Therefore, radiological images can be conveniently explicated with the application of the proposed method and the proposed approach is also helpful in the easy interpretation of the radiological images. The proposed work neither claims that the suggested approach is cent percent accurate in determining the COVID infection nor claims that it can be a replacement of the RT-PCR test but, the proposed method can help detect some common characteristics from the CT scan images, that can help to isolate some suspected patients from the rest of the community.
The proposed approach is helpful for the early screening of the COVID besides being a significant contribution to the image segmentation literature. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
The authors would like to express their gratitude and thank the editors, anonymous reviewers, and referees for their valuable comments and suggestions which are helpful in further improvement of this research work. The dedicated graphics memory is not utilized for any kind of processing purposes. The system in which the experiments are carried out is equipped with the Microsoft Windows 7 64 bit operating system.
It is not at all essential to use the Matlab environment to implement the proposed approach. We have chosen Matlab due to the availability of some inbuilt functions which are helpful to reduce the coding complexity. Still, any other languages or platforms can be used to implement the same. It is assumed that there are no manual annotations available and the proposed approach is capable to process the images without having any prior knowledge.
The final segmented images are constructed by assigning the superpixel to their corresponding cluster centers. These segmented images are helpful to interpret different features from these radiological images. Appl Soft Comput. Published online Feb 3.
Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. All rights reserved. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVIDrelated research that is available on the COVID resource centre – including this research content – immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source.
Abstract Due to the absence of any specialized drugs, the novel coronavirus disease or COVID is one of the biggest threats to mankind Although the RT-PCR test is the gold standard to confirm the presence of this virus, some radiological investigations find some important features from the CT scans of the chest region, which are helpful to identify the suspected COVID patients. Introduction Automated computer-aided systems prove their effectiveness and real-life applicability in various scenarios.
Table 1 Some of the related literatures and their brief overview. The calibrated source-to-background curves are used to determine the volume using the iterative thresholding procedure. One major drawback of the system is that it cannot effectively measure small volumes. Wiemker et. This work proposes a divergence theorem and histogram-based Ct image segmentation approach. This approach is can effectively and optimally isolate the lung nodules from the CT scan images.
In this context, the optimality is defined in terms of the mean gradient of the iso-surface and the sphericity. Asari et. This algorithm is consisting of two stages where the first stage employs a global thresholding approach and in the second phase, the differential region growing is used to extract the gastrointestinal lumen from the endoscopic images. The dynamic hill-clustering approach is used to ascertain the effectiveness of the termination criteria and to look after the growth process.
Yu-qian et. Traditional gradient-based edge detection approaches are susceptible to noise and therefore, this approach proposes a novel approach to detect edges of the lung CT scan images using mathematical morphology. This approach is tested on the CT images which are corrupted with the salt-and-pepper noise and its efficiency is proved by comparing this approach with some of the other standard approaches. It is observed that this approach can efficiently reduce the effect of noise and also can generate precise edges.
Falcao et. This approach is highly dependent on the user intervention to efficiently determine the segmented regions and to define the objects. This approach is found to be 3 to 15 times faster compared to manual tracing. This approach can be applied almost independently to the applications. One main problem associated with this method is the difficulties associated with the choice of slabs and orthogonal slices which has a serious impact on the efficiency of this approach.
Pan et. The proposed approach addresses the problem of discontinuous edges and dependency on the initialization which are associated with the traditional edge detection approaches. In this work, the intensity of the gradient images is modeled as the concentration of the nutrients and the property of the bacteria Escherichia coli.
The edges are highlighted as the paths of the bacteria. Although this approach performs well and comparative study shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach still, one problem of this approach is not very robust to noise. Noise can lead to crumpled edges. This approach is not also suitable to handle overlapped cells. Ji et. Traditional fuzzy C-means clustering approach does not consider the spatial information and less robust to noise.
This work proposes a modification which is known as the weighted image patch-based FCM. In this work, pixels are replaced with the weighted patches which is helpful to incorporate spatial information in the segmentation process.
It is helpful to increase the reliability of the overall segmentation process but it also increases the computational overhead drastically. Agrawal et. This work proposes a novel hybrid approach which is based on the genetic algorithm and the bacterial foraging algorithm.
The combination of these two approaches is used to optimize the objective function of the fuzzy c-means clustering. The final cluster centers are obtained using a method called optimum boundary point detection. This approach cannot determine the optimal number of clusters automatically and produces inaccurate results if the predefined clusters and the actual number of clusters differ.
This approach is based on intuitionistic fuzzy set theory and it is known as the intuitionistic fuzzy C means clustering. In this work, a novel objective function which is known as intuitionistic fuzzy entropy is incorporated with the traditional fuzzy C-means clustering. This approach is applied to different CT scan images to prove its efficiency. Miao et. This approach can be divided into two phases where the first phase incorporates a dictionary learning method to handle the noise.
In the second phase, this dictionary learning approach is hybridized with the Improved fuzzy c-means clustering approach. The proposed approach is not efficient for medical images with inhomogeneous intensity distribution. Open in a separate window. A brief overview of the artificial cell swarm optimization procedure This is a recently developed metaheuristic procedure that is inspired by the artificial cell division procedure.
The incorporated modifications are listed below [47] : i. The artificial cells are not depending on the current state to participate in the cell division process. Fuzzy C-means clustering based on type 2 fuzzy system The proposed approach adopts the type 2 fuzzy logic-based clustering approach to effectively model and handle the random uncertainties.
A point with higher uncertainty has a lesser impact on the overall clustering process and vice-versa. It helps to achieve more realistic results. Proposed method of superpixel computation The ever-growing technology allows us to increase the quality of the image acquisition hardware.
Table 3 Details of the CT scan images under test. Proposed superpixel coupled fuzzy ACSO approach-based segmentation The conventional fuzzy C-means clustering approach often overlooks some important spatial information that can be costly in terms of the segmentation performance. Dataset description CT scan images of the chest region are collected from the COVID positive patients from different geographic regions.
Experimental results The experiments are performed in the MatLab Ra on a computer that is equipped with an Intel i3 processor and 4 GB main memory. Table 4 Performance evaluation of different approaches using Davies—Bouldin index The highlighted values indicates acceptable values. Image Id Algorithm No. Table 5 Performance evaluation of different approaches using Xie—Beni index The highlighted values indicates acceptable values.
Table 6 Performance evaluation of different approaches using Dunn index The highlighted values indicates acceptable values. Table 8 Comparison of the proposed approach with the active contour method.
Study of the convergence rate The rate of convergence is an important parameter to be studied. Analysis of the complexity The time complexity is an important aspect that is to be analyzed. Discussion 6. Threats to validity The obtained results indicate that the proposed approach is suitable for real-life scenarios and also performs efficiently.
Limitations Although the proposed approach is efficient enough to segment the CT scan images automatically and produces realistic segmented outcomes still, some important drawbacks can be observed in this proposed approach that can be addressed in the subsequent works.
Conclusion This article proposes a novel, simple and elegant solution that uses some of the important features of the chest CT scan images to screen the COVID suspected patients easily and at an early phase which can be considered as an effective tool to reduce the drastic spread of this virus. Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Acknowledgments The authors would like to express their gratitude and thank the editors, anonymous reviewers, and referees for their valuable comments and suggestions which are helpful in further improvement of this research work. Software setup The system in which the experiments are carried out is equipped with the Microsoft Windows 7 64 bit operating system. References 1. Kim T. Learning full pairwise affinities for spectral segmentation. IEEE Trans.
Pattern Anal. Chakraborty S. In: Chakraborty S. IGI Global; An overview of biomedical image analysis from the deep learning perspective. Object Recognit. Motion Detect. Video Process. A study on different edge detection techniques in digital image processing; pp. Libbrecht M. Machine learning applications in genetics and genomics.
Tang C. IEEE Int. BIBE Interrelated two-way clustering: An unsupervised approach for gene expression data analysis; pp. In: Appl. IGI GLobal; An advanced approach to detect edges of digital images for image segmentation. Expert Syst. Multi-Objective Optim. Springer Singapore; Singapore: Application of multiobjective optimization techniques in biomedical image segmentation—A study; pp.
Springer; An optimized intelligent dermatologic disease classification framework based on IoT; pp. Hore S. An integrated interactive technique for image segmentation using stack based seeded region growing and thresholding.
IEEE; Contrast optimization using elitist metaheuristic optimization and gradient approximation for biomedical image enhancement; pp. Opto-Electronics Appl. Optronix An integrated method for automated biomedical image segmentation.
Mesejo P. A survey on image segmentation using metaheuristic-based deformable models: State of the art and critical analysis. Soft Comput. Chen X. IEEE Rev. In: Adv. Metaheuristic Comput. Dey N. During its first year of availability, [] upgrade licenses for Windows 10 could be obtained at no charge for devices with a genuine license for an eligible edition of Windows 7 or 8. This offer did not apply to Enterprise editions, as customers under an active Software Assurance SA contract with upgrade rights are entitled to obtain Windows 10 Enterprise under their existing terms.
All users running non-genuine copies of Windows, and those without an existing Windows 7 or 8 license, were ineligible for this promotion; although upgrades from a non-genuine version were possible, they result in a non-genuine copy of On the general availability build of Windows 10 the original release , to activate and generate the “digital entitlement” for Windows 10, the operating system must have first been installed as an in-place upgrade.
During the free upgrade, a genuineticket. Once installed, the operating system can be reinstalled on that particular system via normal means without a product key , and the system’s license will automatically be detected via online activation – in essence, the Microsoft Product Activation Server will remember the system’s motherboard and give it the green light for product re-activation.
Since the release of the Fall Creators Update version , Microsoft decided to release multi-edition installation media, to alleviate installation and product activation issues users experienced because of accidentally installing the wrong edition of Windows The Windows Insider Preview version of Windows 10 automatically updated itself to the generally released version as part of the version progression and continues to be updated to new beta builds, as it had throughout the testing process.
Microsoft explicitly stated that Windows Insider was not a valid upgrade path for those running a version of Windows that is ineligible for the upgrade offer; although, if it was not installed with a license carried over from an in-place upgrade to 10 Insider Preview from Windows 7 or 8, the Insider Preview does remain activated as long as the user does not exit the Windows Insider program. The offer was promoted and delivered via the “Get Windows 10” application also known as GWX , which was automatically installed via Windows Update ahead of Windows 10’s release, and activated on systems deemed eligible for the upgrade offer.
Via a notification area icon, users could access an application that advertised Windows 10 and the free upgrade offer, check device compatibility, and “reserve” an automatic download of the operating system upon its release. Microsoft said that those who reserved Windows 10 would be able to install it through GWX in a phased rollout process. The operating system could alternatively be downloaded at any time using a separate “Media Creation Tool” setup program, that allows for the creation of DVD or USB installation media.
In May , Microsoft announced that the free upgrade offer would be extended to users of assistive technologies ; however, Microsoft did not implement any means of certifying eligibility for this offer, which some outlets thereby promoted as being a loophole to fraudulently obtain a free Windows 10 upgrade. Microsoft said that the loophole is not intended to be used in this manner. However, another loophole was found that allowed Windows 7 and 8.
No word from Microsoft was given whether it will be closed [] and some outlets have continued to promote it as a free method of upgrading from the now-unsupported Windows 7. During upgrades, Windows 10 licenses are not tied directly to a product key. Instead, the license status of the system’s current installation of Windows is migrated, and a “Digital license” known as “Digital entitlement” in version or earlier is generated during the activation process, which is bound to the hardware information collected during the process.
If Windows 10 is reinstalled cleanly and there have not been any significant hardware changes since installation such as a motherboard change , the online activation process will automatically recognize the system’s digital entitlement if no product key is entered during installations.
However, unique product keys are still distributed within retail copies of Windows As with previous non-volume-licensed variants of Windows, significant hardware changes will invalidate the digital entitlement, and require Windows to be re-activated. Unlike previous versions of Windows, Windows Update does not allow the selective installation of updates, and all updates including patches, feature updates, and driver software are downloaded and installed automatically.
Users can only choose whether their system will reboot automatically to install updates when the system is inactive, or be notified to schedule a reboot. Version allows wired Ethernet networks to be designated as metered, but Windows may still download certain updates while connected to a metered network. In version , by installing the August security update and later versions, driver and non-security updates pushed via Windows Update that are considered optional are no longer automatically downloaded and installed in their devices.
Updates can cause compatibility or other problems; a Microsoft troubleshooter program allows bad updates to be uninstalled. Under the Windows end-user license agreement , users consent to the automatic installation of all updates, features and drivers provided by the service, and implicitly consent “without any additional notice” to the possibility of features being modified or removed.
Windows Update can also use a peer-to-peer system for distributing updates; by default, users’ bandwidth is used to distribute previously downloaded updates to other users, in combination with Microsoft servers. Users can instead choose to only use peer-to-peer updates within their local area network. The original release of Windows 10 receives mainstream support for five years after its original release, followed by five years of extended support, but this is subject to conditions.
Microsoft stated that these devices would no longer receive feature updates, but would still receive security updates through January The following table collects current status of the aforementioned updating and support of different branches of Windows Windows 10 is often described by Microsoft as being a “service”, as it receives regular “feature updates” that contain new features and other updates and fixes. For example, version was released in September the ninth month of This was changed with the 20H2 release where “MM” represents the half of the year in which the update was released, for example H1 for the first half and H2 for the second half.
Before version , the pace at which feature updates are received by devices was dependent on which release channel was used. Each build of Windows 10 is supported for 18 months after its original release. Once a stable build is certified by Microsoft and its partners as being suitable for broad deployment, the build is then released on the “Semi-Annual Channel” formerly “Current Branch for Business”, or “CBB” , which is supported by the Pro and Enterprise editions of Windows The Windows Insider branches receive unstable builds as they are released; it is divided into two channels, “Dev” which receives new builds immediately after their release , and “Beta” whose releases are slightly delayed from their “Dev” release.
For this reason, it excludes Cortana, Microsoft Store, and all bundled Universal Windows Platform apps including but not limited to Microsoft Edge, hence these builds ship only with Internet Explorer as browser. In July , Microsoft announced changes in the terminology for Windows branches as part of its effort to unify the update cadence with that of Office ProPlus and Windows Server In February , Microsoft announced changes again in delivering updates in beginning of release of version : a single SAC will be released and SAC-T will be retired, and users are no longer able to switch to different channels.
Instead, these updates can be deferred from 30 to 90 days, or depending how the device was configured to deferred the updates. Feature updates prior to version were distributed solely as an in-place upgrade installation, requiring the download of a complete operating system package approximately 3.
Unlike previous builds, version was designed primarily as an update rollup version of , which focused primarily on minor feature additions and enhancements. For upgrades to from , a new delivery method was used where its changes were delivered as part of the monthly cumulative update, but were left in a dormant state until the update “enablement” patch is installed.
The full upgrade process was still used for those using builds prior to In May , Microsoft unveiled Fluent Design System previously codenamed “Project Neon” , a revamp of Microsoft Design Language 2 that will include guidelines for the designs and interactions used within software designed for all Windows 10 devices and platforms.
The new design language will include the more prominent use of motion, depth, and translucency effects. Microsoft stated that the implementation of this design language would be performed over time, and it had already started to implement elements of it in Creators Update and Fall Creators Update. On December 7, , Microsoft announced that, as part of a partnership with Qualcomm, it planned to introduce support for running Win32 software on ARM architecture with a bit x86 processor emulator, in Terry Myerson stated that this move would enable the production of Qualcomm Snapdragon -based Windows devices with cellular connectivity and improved power efficiency over Intel-compatible devices, and still capable of running the majority of existing Windows software unlike the previous Windows RT , which was restricted to Windows Store apps.
Microsoft is initially targeting this project towards laptops. In August , Microsoft began testing changes to its handling of the user interface on convertible devices—downplaying the existing “Tablet Mode” option in favor of presenting the normal desktop with optimizations for touch when a keyboard is not present, such as increasing the space between taskbar buttons and displaying the virtual keyboard when text fields are selected.
In April , the ability to run Linux applications using a graphical user interface , such as Audacity , directly in Windows, was introduced as a preview. The basic hardware requirements to install Windows 10 were initially the same as those for Windows 8 and Windows 8. As of the May update, the minimum disk space requirement has been increased to 32 GB.
In addition, on new installations, Windows permanently reserves up to 7 GB of disk space in order to ensure proper installation of future feature updates.
The bit variants require a CPU that supports certain instructions. Some pre-built devices may be described as “certified” by Microsoft. Unlike Windows 8, OEMs are no longer required to make Secure Boot settings user-configurable, meaning that devices may optionally be locked to run only Microsoft-signed operating systems.
Windows 10 version and later do not support Intel Clover Trail system-on-chips, per Microsoft’s stated policy of only providing updates for devices during their OEM support period.
Starting with Windows 10 version , Microsoft will require new OEM devices to use bit processors, and will therefore cease the distribution of x86 bit variants of Windows 10 via OEM channels. The bit variants of Windows 10 will remain available via non-OEM channels, and Microsoft will continue to “[provide] feature and security updates on these devices”.
The maximum amount of RAM that Windows 10 can support varies depending on the product edition and the processor architecture. Windows 10 supports up to two physical processors. Windows 10 received generally positive reviews, with most reviewers considering it superior to its predecessor Windows 8.
The Edge browser was praised for its performance, although it was not in a feature-complete state at launch. While considering them a “great idea in principle”, concerns were shown for Microsoft’s focus on the universal app ecosystem:. It’s by no means certain that developers are going to flock to Windows 10 from iOS and Android simply because they can convert their apps easily.
It may well become a no-brainer for them, but at the moment a conscious decision is still required. Engadget was similarly positive, noting that the upgrade process was painless and that Windows 10’s user interface had balanced aspects of Windows 8 with those of previous versions with a more mature aesthetic.
Cortana’s always-on voice detection was considered to be its “true strength”, also citing its query capabilities and personalization features, but noting that it was not as pre-emptive as Google Now.
Windows 10’s stock applications were praised for being improved over their Windows 8 counterparts, and for supporting windowed modes. The Xbox app was also praised for its Xbox One streaming functionality, although recommending its use over a wired network because of inconsistent quality over Wi-Fi.
In conclusion, it was argued that “Windows 10 delivers the most refined desktop experience ever from Microsoft, and yet it’s so much more than that. It’s also a decent tablet OS, and it’s ready for a world filled with hybrid devices. And, barring another baffling screwup, it looks like a significant step forward for mobile.
Heck, it makes the Xbox One a more useful machine. On the other hand Ars Technica panned the new Tablet mode interface for removing the charms and app switching, making the Start button harder to use by requiring users to reach for the button on the bottom-left rather than at the center of the screen when swiping with a thumb, and for making application switching less instantaneous through the use of Task View.
Microsoft Edge was praised for being “tremendously promising”, and “a much better browser than Internet Explorer ever was”, but criticized it for its lack of functionality on-launch. In conclusion, contrasting Windows 8 as being a “reliable” platform albeit consisting of unfinished concepts, Windows 10 was considered “the best Windows yet”, and was praised for having a better overall concept in its ability to be “comfortable and effective” across a wide array of form factors, but that it was buggier than previous versions of Windows were on-launch.
Critics have noted that Windows 10 heavily emphasizes freemium services, and contains various advertising facilities. Some outlets have considered these to be a hidden “cost” of the free upgrade offer.
Due to the high system requirements of its Windows 10’s successor Windows 11 , some critics have cited Windows 10 being better than its successor and have warned not to switch to Windows 11 given its high system requirement despite very limited new features compared to Windows Up to August , Windows 10 usage was increasing, with it then plateauing , [] while eventually in , it became more popular than Windows 7 [] [] though Windows 7 was still more used in some countries in Asia and Africa in As of March [update] , the operating system is running on over a billion devices, reaching the goal set by Microsoft two years after the initial deadline.
Twenty-four hours after it was released, Microsoft announced that over 14 million devices were running Windows According to StatCounter, Windows 10 overtook Windows 8.
For one week in late November , Windows 10 overtook first rank from Windows 7 in the United States, before losing it again. In mid-January , Windows 10 had a slightly higher global market share than Windows 7, [] with it noticeably more popular on weekends, [] while popularity varies widely by region, e.
Windows 10 was then still behind in Africa [] and far ahead in some other regions e. Windows 10 Home is permanently set to download all updates automatically, including cumulative updates, security patches, and drivers, and users cannot individually select updates to install or not.
Concerns were raised that because of these changes, users would be unable to skip the automatic installation of updates that are faulty or cause issues with certain system configurations—although build upgrades will also be subject to public beta testing via Windows Insider program. An example of such a situation occurred prior to the general release of the operating system, when an Nvidia graphics card driver that was automatically pushed to Windows 10 users via Windows Update caused issues that prevented the use of certain functions, or prevented their system from booting at all.
Criticism was also directed towards Microsoft’s decision to no longer provide specific details on the contents of cumulative updates for Windows Some users reported that during the installation of the November upgrade, some applications particularly utility programs such as CPU-Z and Speccy were automatically uninstalled during the upgrade process, and some default programs were reset to Microsoft-specified defaults such as Photos app, and Microsoft Edge for PDF viewing , both without warning.
Further issues were discovered upon the launch of the Anniversary Update “Redstone” , including a bug that caused some devices to freeze but addressed by cumulative update KB, released on August 31, , [] [] and that fundamental changes to how Windows handles webcams had caused many to stop working. A Gartner analyst felt that Windows 10 Pro was becoming increasingly inappropriate for use in enterprise environments because of support policy changes by Microsoft, including consumer-oriented upgrade lifecycle length, and only offering extended support for individual builds to Enterprise and Education editions of Windows Critics have acknowledged that Microsoft’s update and testing practices had been affecting the overall quality of Windows In particular, it was pointed out that Microsoft’s internal testing departments had been prominently affected by a major round of layoffs undertaken by the company in Microsoft relies primarily on user testing and bug reports via the Windows Insider program which may not always be of sufficient quality to identify a bug , as well as correspondence with OEMs and other stakeholders.
In the wake of the known folder redirection data loss bug in the version , it was pointed out that bug reports describing the issue had been present on the Feedback Hub app for several months prior to the public release.
Following the incident, Microsoft updated Feedback Hub so that users may specify the severity of a particular bug report. When announcing the resumption of ‘s rollout, Microsoft stated that it planned to be more transparent in its handling of update quality in the future, through a series of blog posts that will detail its testing process and the planned development of a “dashboard” that will indicate the rollout progress of future updates.
Microsoft was criticized for the tactics that it used to promote its free upgrade campaign for Windows 10, including adware -like behaviors, [] using deceptive user interfaces to coax users into installing the operating system, [] [] [] [] downloading installation files without user consent, [] [] and making it difficult for users to suppress the advertising and notifications if they did not wish to upgrade to In September , it was reported that Microsoft was triggering automatic downloads of Windows 10 installation files on all compatible Windows 7 or 8.
Microsoft officially confirmed the change, claiming it was “an industry practice that reduces the time for installation and ensures device readiness. Other critics argued that Microsoft should not have triggered any downloading of Windows 10 installation files without user consent. In October , Windows 10 began to appear as an “Optional” update on the Windows Update interface, but pre-selected for installation on some systems.
A Microsoft spokesperson said that this was a mistake, and that the download would no longer be pre-selected by default. In March , some users also alleged that their Windows 7 and 8.
It was concluded that these users may have unknowingly clicked the “Accept” prompt without full knowledge that this would begin the upgrade. On January 21, , Microsoft was sued in small claims court by a user whose computer had attempted to upgrade to Windows 10 without her consent shortly after the release of the operating system. The upgrade failed, and her computer was left in a broken state thereafter, which disrupted the ability to run her travel agency.
However, in May , Microsoft dropped the appeal and chose to pay the damages. Shortly after the suit was reported on by the Seattle Times , Microsoft confirmed it was updating the GWX software once again to add more explicit options for opting out of a free Windows 10 upgrade; [] [] [] the final notification was a full-screen pop-up window notifying users of the impending end of the free upgrade offer, and contained “Remind me later”, “Do not notify me again” and “Notify me three more times” as options.
In March , Microsoft announced that it would display notifications informing users on Windows 7 devices of the upcoming end of extended support for the platform, and direct users to a website urging them to upgrade to Windows 10 or purchase new hardware. This dialog will be similar to the previous Windows 10 upgrade prompts, but will not explicitly mention Windows Privacy advocates and other critics have expressed concern regarding Windows 10’s privacy policies and its collection and use of customer data.
Users can opt out from most of this data collection, [] [] but telemetry data for error reporting and usage is also sent to Microsoft, and this cannot be disabled on non-Enterprise editions of Windows Rock Paper Shotgun writer Alec Meer argued that Microsoft’s intent for this data collection lacked transparency, stating that “there is no world in which 45 pages of policy documents and opt-out settings split across 13 different settings screens and an external website constitutes ‘real transparency’.
The Russian government had passed a federal law requiring all online services to store the data of Russian users on servers within the country by September or be blocked. But Microsoft is held to a different standard than other companies”.
The Microsoft Services agreement reads that the company’s online services may automatically “download software updates or configuration changes, including those that prevent you from accessing the Services, playing counterfeit games, or using unauthorized hardware peripheral devices. In September , Microsoft hid the option to create a local account during a fresh installation if a PC is connected to the internet. This move was criticized by users who did not want to use an online Microsoft account.
In late-July , Windows Defender began to classify modifications of the hosts file that block Microsoft telemetry servers as being a severe security risk. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirected from Windows 10 Fall Creators Update.
This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 20 December This article is about the operating system for personal computers. For the related now discontinued operating system for mobile devices, see Windows 10 Mobile. For the series of operating systems produced from to , see Windows 9x. Closed-source source-available through the Shared Source Initiative Some components free and open-source [1] [2] [3] [4].
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Stausberg J, Hasford J. Drug-related admissions and hospital-acquired adverse drug events in Germany: a longitudinal analysis from to of ICDcoded routine data. Introduction: Transplant recipients are chronically ill patients, who require lifelong drug therapies to prevent reject and graft loss.
To date, there is no consensus on the optimal immunosuppressive strategy []. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of maintenance immunosuppressive drug therapies in kidney transplant. Methods: A retrospective multicentre observational study, involving 4 Italian regions, was conducted based on the national transplant Information system and regional healthcare claims data.
Specifically, the regional analytical datasets regarding incident patients underwent to kidney transplant in the years —19 were created using an open-source tool for distributed analysis. Results: Overall, 3, kidney recipients were considered, of which During a median follow-up period of 4.
Among safety outcomes, serious infections had the highest incidence 9. Conclusion: In clinical practice, a significantly better benefit profile has been demonstrated for kidney recipients treated with TAC compared to CsA. In particular, the combination of TAC and mTOR appears to be the optimal strategy reducing the incidence of severe infections. Our findings on long term risk-benefit profile of immunosuppressive therapy may be helpful to define the optimal drug therapy in kidney recipients.
Comparison of tacrolimus and cyclosporine for immunosuppression after renal transplantation: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. Target of rapamycin inhibitors TOR-I; sirolimus and everolimus for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Timing of mTORI usage and outcomes in kidney transplant recipients. Int J Med Sci. Published Jan 9. Due to the small sample size of pivotal trials in pediatrics, real-world evidence on the safety of those vaccines in the pediatric population is urgently required. Objective: i To investigate the safety of COVID vaccines by measuring frequencies of solicited and serious adverse events following immunization AEFIs with the first and the second doses of vaccines through active surveillance and, ii to compare the results with the published clinicaltrials in children and adolescents.
Of them, only Overall, Conclusion: This study confirmed safety profile of COVID vaccines in the pediatric population as already documented in the pivotal trials, with a high frequency of local solicited adverse events and an extremely low rate of serious adverse events. Introduction: Advances in the treatment of cancer in young patients have led to great improvements in life expectancy.
However, treatment with chemo or radiotherapy causes reduction of sperm counts often to azoospermic levels that may persist for several years or be permanent. Oligospermia or azoospermia and long-lasting testicular atrophy are common adverse consequences of cancer treatment 1.
Cases of oligospermia and azoospermia were identified using MedDRA v No Dis-Rep was found for any of the 14 AA TKIs: acalabrutinib, axitinib, cabozantinib, dacomitinib, lenvatinib, neratinib, nintedanib, pazopanib, ponatinib, regorafenib, sorafenib, sunitinib, tivozanib and vandetanib. The analysis in VigiBase database yielded similar results. Our results however, should be interpreted with caution as disproportionality analyses are hypothesis generating rather than hypothesis testing.
Meistrich, M. Clinical drug investigation. Bate A, Evans S. Quantitative signal detection using spontaneous ADR reporting. A comparison of measures of disproportionality for signal detection in spontaneous reporting systems for adverse drug reactions. Skin lightening products contain high concentrations of harmful ingredients such as hydroquinone, mercurials, and corticosteroids, and are reported to cause serious complications such as hyperpigmentation, exogenous ochronosis, wound dehiscence, nephropathy, steroid addiction syndrome, predisposition to infections, and other endocrinologic complications.
Despite all these public health risks, they have been used in many countries without regulation and consultation of healthcare professionals 3. Similarly, in Eritrea, there is uncontrolled marketing and use of SLAs even those with banned harmful ingredients. Objective: This study was conducted to assess the perception and utilization of SLAs among females of Asmara, the capital city of Eritrea. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in representative samples of all beauty salons available in Asmara between May and July The study participants were selected using two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique.
The data collected through face-to-face interview was entered and analyzed using CSPro 7. Results: The study enrolled females. The majority of the respondents agreed that SLAs can make someone white About two-third Of those who ever used SLAs, About half of the respondents With the use of SLAs, Employed females AOR: 1. Conclusion: Utilization of SLAs among females was prevalent. They were satisfied with its use despite experiencing adverse effects which urges coordinated efforts in tightening the regulation of cosmetics in general and establishment of cosmetovigilance systems in particular.
Widespread use of toxic skin lightening compounds: medical and psychosocial aspects. Dermatologic Clinics, Afr Health Sci. The global prevalence and correlates of skin bleaching: a meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis. Int J Dermatol. Introduction: Drug therapy in paediatrics is often associated with uncertainties due to lack of data from clinical trials. Due to this off-label use, missing paediatric dosage forms and complex dose calculations, medication errors ME occur up to three times more frequently compared to adults [3].
Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the nature, characteristics and preventability of drug-related hospital admissions in paediatrics. If parents had given consent for data transfer and further analysis, the suspected ADRs resp.
MEs were subsequently validated by a blinded, independent expert team [6]. All ADRs and MEs were assessed with regard to their nature, preventability, severity and drug association. Results: Of Consent for further analysis was obtained for 9. Allergic conditions, seizures incl. Treatment noncompliance, accidental exposure to product and dosing problems mainly underdosing were primarily identified as MEs in connection with the use of antiepileptic drugs, insulins and analogues and other beta-lactam-antibacterials.
Conclusion: Drug-related hospital admissions play a significant role in paediatrics. Moreover, almost half of them are considered preventable and therefore result in unnecessary harm and treatment costs. Dosing databases, training, and systematic screening for ADRs and MEs have great potential to increase the safety of drug therapy in children.
Kimland, E. Odlind, Off-label drug use in pediatric patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther, Magalhaes, J. Eur J Clin Pharmacol, Kaushal, R. JAMA, Smyth, R. PLoS One, Gallagher, R. Schulze, C. J Patient Saf, The lack of staff trained in PV is one of the most serious limiting factors affecting the development of PV in resource-constrained settings.
Previous experiences suggest that blending learning programmes can be implemented in resource-limited countries to train health care professionals HCP with remarkable gains in terms of knowledge acquisition. Methods: We developed the blended-courses integrated with a Train of Trainers scheme [1].
Two e-learning courses were made available on a web-based application, together with a manual on how to combine the e-learning courses together with face-to-face interactions. The blended course were given in Tanzania, Eswatini and Nigeria. Results: In the three countries 95 participants were trained Table 1. All participants completed the two courses and the mean score of the post-test was significantly greater than on the pre-test Table 1.
In the second level, the participants from the first training were training others. The majority of respondents to questionnaires have been satisfied, declared they felt more involved in PV and reported at least an ADR after the training both in the first and second level. The trends of reporting increased in the twelve months after the training if compared to the previous twelve months: vs and vs ICSRs were reported to Vigibase for Tanzania and Eswatini National Agency respectively.
Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that a blended course can reach an important number of participants and improve their knowledge. It is difficult to establish how much of the increase of reports was attributed to the blended learning training. Alammary A. Blended learning models for introductory programming courses: a systematic review. Plos one. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of EDCTP.
Introduction: Considering data from the literature in favor of active educational intervention to teach pharmacovigilance, we describe an innovative model of distance learning clinical reasoning sessions CRS of pharmacovigilance with 3rd year medical French students.
Objective: The three main objectives were to identify the elements necessary for the diagnosis of an adverse drug reaction, report an adverse drug reaction and perform drug causality assessment.
Methods: The training was organized in 3 stages. First, students practiced clinical reasoning CRS by conducting fictive pharmacovigilance telehealth consultations. Second, students wrote a medical letter summarizing the telehealth consultation and analyzing the drug causality assessment. This letter was sent to the teacher for a graded evaluation.
In the third stage was a debriefing course with all the students. Results: Of the third-year medical students enrolled in this course, participated in the distance learning CRS. The evaluation received feedback from students, with an average score of 8.
The qualitative evaluation had only positive feedback. The students appreciated the different format of the teaching, with the possibility to be active. Conclusion: Through distance CRS of pharmacovigilance, medical students’ competences to identify and report adverse drug reactions were tested.
The students experienced the pharmacovigilance skills necessary to detect adverse drug reactions in a manner directly relevant to patient care. The overall evaluation of the students is in favor of this type of method. Methods: This research used a qualitative inductive methodology through thematic analysis. The first step was to identify, through a literature review, current practices for herbal pharmacovigilance.
Based on the findings a semi-structured interview guide was designed, and purposive sampling was used to recruit the interview participants. By using a snowballing technique more potential participants were reached. Most of these recommendations are applicable worldwide, while some are limited to certain regions. Tong, A. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research COREQ : a item checklist for interviews and focus groups.
International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 19 6 , — Introduction: Although medical cannabis MC has been available in Canada since , lack of recognition of MC as a drug has restricted patient access. The Quebec College of Physicians, between and , authorized MC use only within a research framework. Follow-up ended due to either MC discontinuation, loss to follow-up, 3 years follow-up, or end of data collection May , 6 months after the last patient in.
Data were collected at inclusion and at follow-up visits every 3 months for the first 2 years, then at least once per year in the third year. MC mode of administration ingestion, inhalation, other , and cannabinoid content ratio tetrahydrocannabinol THC -dominant, cannabidiol CBD -dominant, or balanced were documented.
Results: 2, patients were enrolled in the registry mean age Over follow-up, 3. Reports included a total of AEs average 1.
The most common PTs were dizziness Conclusion: There were no new safety concerns identified in the Registry, although notable differences in AE profile between modes of administration and cannabinoid content ratios should be considered by health professionals. Further work identifying and managing risk factors for AEs is warranted to maintain a favorable risk-benefit ratio for MC.
Introduction: Dengue is one of top ten global health threats and is a serious burden in the Philippines. Dengvaxia immunization program was launched on April for children 9—year-olds in three regions with high statistics of dengue, hospitalization, and deaths. This was coincidentally the campaign period for national elections. Use of vaccine, once available, was part of a strategy to control epidemic.
Current measures were inadequate. What started as vaccine-vigilance information sparked a public outcry. This led to a series of parliamentary investigations, traditional and social media misinformation and disinformation vilifying the health decision makers and the company, and criminal charges filed against over 20 individuals by the state over alleged unproven vaccine caused deaths.
Despite attempts to correct these narratives by a few health professionals, the damage to institution, the program, the product, and individuals have been done. The consequences of such actions of emotional approach without understanding the science have resulted in creating general vaccine rejection, hesitancy, other outbreaks such as measles, lowered confidence even with recent COVID vaccines. Objective: This abstract aim to describe the situation at that time in the Philippines and extract lessons that will inform better risk communications during crisis.
Results: Some of the important lessons learned are in risk management and communications. Adverse health product information should be announced with circumspect considering the level of health literacy and risk appreciation in a country.
Partisan politics interfered with poorly understood science, fueled by imprudent comments by officials and health professionals who spoke out of turn, amplified by the media and created chaos. The fear was so palpable that enlightened health professionals refused to provide countervailing facts. Reinstating the vaccine would be perceived as the government had back-pedaled on a mistake.
In the meantime, the drama contributed to vaccination hesitancy and outbreaks. Conclusion: Public health decisions are policy and regulatory decisions anchored in ethical and utilitarian principles. Edillo et al. Economic Cost and Burden of Dengue in the Philippines. Vannice, et al Mendoza, Dayrit, Valenzuela. Dengue researcher faces charges in vaccine fiasco. Lasco et. Medical populism and immunisation programmes: Illustrative examples and consequences for public health. Trolleyology and the Dengue Vaccine Dilemma.
Dayrit, Mendoza, Valenzuela The importance of effective risk communication and transparency: lessons from the dengue vaccine controversy in the Philippines. Dengue vaccination: a more balanced approach is needed. Introduction: Vaccines are vital tools to control epidemic and pandemic diseases, such as COVID, demonstrating safety and effectiveness. However, rare adverse events of special interest AESIs following vaccination arise with every new emerging pathogen vaccine program.
Adversomics, a set of technologies that measure the inventory of molecules e. The International Network of Special Immunization Services INSIS brings together vaccine safety, public health, and systems biology experts in middle- and high-income countries to investigate the causes of, and identify strategies to mitigate AESIs following vaccination insisvaccine. Brighton Collaboration case definitions and harmonized protocols will be employed to collect detailed clinical data and serial blood samples suitable for adversomics e.
Integration of clinical and biological data will enable comparisons of analyte levels and immune responses within groups over time and between cases and controls.
Global collaboration across five continents will ensure adequate sample size. Conclusion: INSIS-led studies will provide insight into pathways triggered in these AESIs and susceptible populations to inform vaccine development strategies to reduce the potential to trigger pathways involved in AESIs, risk-benefit assessment, and personalized vaccination strategies.
Introduction: During the covid 19 period, several countries needed to set up or develop their pharmacovigilance systems, unfortunately containment and the closure of borders prevented the organisation of classic training sessions. Objective: The objective of this work is to present the pharmacovigilance simulation game developed by CAPM, RCC and the results of its pilot use with pharmacovigilants from 10 French-speaking African countries. The game is based on good practices in Pharmacovigilance PV , and inspired by the different WHO guidelines, the experience of the Moroccan PV center, and behaviors consensually considered as the norm in PV.
In fact, they are put in a real-life situation to choose actions and strategies for the development of a PV center and must be able to optimize the human and material resources at their disposal to make their center shine within their national health system but also at the level of the international PV network.
Better understand the challenges and outlooks linked to the creation and management of a PV center. Put into practice the theoretical concepts in causality assessment, signal detection and risk minimization actions.
During the game, within 10 levels, participants have to set up a PV center following WHO pharmacovigilance indicators: a practical manual for the assessment of pharmacovigilance systems as structural indicators, process indicators and outcome indicators, and following the pharmacovigilance process from collecting data, analyzing them, detecting signals, and setting up national technical pharmacovigilance committee to discuss about safety signals and risk minimization actions to put in place.
Conclusion: The use of the game by the pharmacovigilantes during the pilot phase gave good feedback on the ease of use and the effectiveness of the game in capacity building in pharmacovigilance. University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, pp. Introduction: Pharmacovigilance has traditionally been a reactive science with a significant dependence on spontaneous adverse event reporting.
The pandemic on the other hand has accelerated application of novel technologies and approaches to engaging with the patient, remote connected care at their home and dependence on technologies to supplement regular communication channels.
Telemedicine is evolving rapidly and playing a key role in clinical interventions. Objective: Digital Health and novel technologies offer a significant opportunity to enhance pharmacovigilance thru proactive patient monitoring, risk communication, personalized care plans and access to real world data. Leveraging such approaches will not only lead to early detection of risks but also to personalized interventions and improved patient outcomes.
Educational material which is more interactive, visual and multi-dimensional can replace paper or text based risk communication material.
This could provide early signal detection in individual patients and enable proactive patient level pharmacovigilance. Educational and risk related material can be dynamically updated based on patient preferences, interactions and profiles. Machine learning approaches which link material with outcome can enhance impact of pharmacovigilance methods and tools.
In order to utilize the full potential of such options it is critical that the regulatory framework is updated to enable such approaches which complement traditional PV and can drive efficiencies and higher effectiveness in the risk communication process.
Collaboration within the network of industry and regulators is essential to further such research and maximize the impact on value for patients, HCPs and sponsors. Introduction: Large amounts of data associated with safety issues are generated along the entire lifetime of drugs, from its infancy as preclinical leads, through its adolescence as clinical candidates, all the way up to its adulthood as marketed drugs exposed to the human population.
Across the different stages in the life of a drug, some of the data collected initially may be confirmed and consolidated with data at an advanced stage, whereas other data may not be translated, and in some cases may even contradict, those safety signals that are ultimately observed in the human population. Collecting and properly integrating such an heterogenous pool of data is a complex and tedious task.
But even if one manages to put all data together, the construction of useful models to anticipate and detect drug safety signals remains a challenge. Objective: The presentation will cover our efforts to connect data from in vitro safety pharmacology, preclinical toxicology, clinical safety and post-marketing spontaneous reports for over 9, small molecule drugs, combination drugs, and biologics.
A novel consensus approach using various statistical and machine learning methods to anticipate side effects of potential safety concern, detect adverse drug reaction signals and perform pharmacovigilance analyses will be introduced. Use case application examples to individual drugs and drug classes will be discussed. Methods: Our consensus approach to post-marketing surveillance integrates four different methodologies based on detection of prior safety markers, identification of class reactions, statistical projection of disproportionalities based on reporting frequencies and velocities, and machine learning models of translational safety data.
Results: Results on the validation of our approach to anticipating adverse drug reactions of safety concern to the population at the postmarketing stage based on i in vitro safety pharmacology data, ii preclinical toxicology data, iii clinical safety data and iv the first sample of 25 postmarketing spontaneous reports will be presented.
Based on data available in each case, the performance of the different methods varies for different drugs, drug classes, and side effects. A discussion on performances in selected use cases will be included. As an example, the analysis of long-term PARP inhibition on circadian patterns and its dependence on the reporting bias by consumers will be discussed. Conclusion: Integration and modelling of the large amount of translational safety data currently available from all phases of drug discovery, development and post-marketing to anticipate and follow adverse drug reactions opens an avenue to a whole new perspective in pharmacovigilance.
Introduction: Psychedelics are unique psychoactive chemicals that can change consciousness by acting on 5-HT2A receptors []. There is limited knowledge concerning the online interest in psychedelics that we can extrapolate via trends websites.
Objective: We aim to examine the online information-seeking behavior concerning the most popular psychedelics, including cannabis—a quasi-psychedelic—in the European Union EU members of interest and the UK before and during the pandemic.
Methods: We designed a “dictionary” of terms to extract online search data from Google Trends concerning psychedelics and cannabis from Jan to 1-Jan We conducted a triple Holt-Winters exponential smoothing—additive model—for time series analysis to infer seasonality [4, 5].
We utilized hierarchical clustering—an unsupervised machine learning method—to explore clusters of countries concerning the spatial geographic mapping of these chemicals.
We also implemented—a t-test—for comparing the slope difference of two trends before versus during the pandemic. Results: There was an evident seasonal pattern for cannabis, NBOMe, and psilocybin in almost all nations of interest. Similar patterns existed in France and the UK, while those in Germany, Sweden, and Romania had relatively shorter periodicity.
Analysis of slopes and hierarchical clustering conveyed differentiated patterns concerning the temporal and spatial mapping, respectively, while contrasting the two periods before versus during the pandemic. Conclusion: Cannabis and psychedelics follow somewhat a consistent pattern concerning seasonality across Europe; some correlate with the seasonal harvesting of mushrooms, and others with public holidays, including Christmas, the new year holiday, or school breaks.
The pandemic influenced some significant changes concerning the online interest in the EU and the UK; nonetheless, we should rely on more rigorous longitudinal and experimental study designs—possessing a superior level of evidence—to confirm the causal relationship. However, these patterns might be insightful for decision-makers and regulatory authorities—like the EMCDDA—to prognosticate and prevent addiction catastrophes.
Understanding and using time series analyses in addiction research. Carhart-Harris RL. How do psychedelics work?. Current Opinion in Psychiatry. Novel psychoactive substances: types, mechanisms of action, and effects. British Medical Journal.
Robust forecasting with exponential and Holt—Winters smoothing. Journal of Forecasting. Gardner Jr ES. Exponential smoothing: The state of the art—Part II.
International Journal of Forecasting. Introduction: Continuous monitoring of the safety profile of drugs is one of the critical processes of pharmacovigilance. As medical literature might be valuable source of safety data, especially for rare, unlisted, serious cases, all MAHs are obliged to medical literature monitoring MLM in all marketing countries [1].
This approach can be changed through modern automation techniques. Objective: To develop and test a tool for automated monitoring of local literature and enhance drug safety data identification. Methods: Modern programming approaches were used to create PV platform, intended for automated literature screening.
GAMP 5 recommendations were used to prove the validation status. Results: We developed a tool—DrugCard PV platform which screens local medical sources for updates on a weekly basis. Till May we added around local journals originated from 10 countries that cover different therapeutic areas.
Our tool automatically searches for defined keywords drug trade names, active substances in published articles. Different file formats can be screened including text, pdfs, images etc. In case a new issue of a journal is published—a PV specialist will receive an email notification. The mandatory features of a validated computerized system, like audit trail, logs, reports are also present here.
Instead of manual reading of the whole journal issue the user only should read a separate article, analyze whether there is a valuable safety data and label it depending on the content. PV specialists may work together inside the platform and provide a quality check for labeled articles.
Our pilot study of how a new tool may improve the efficiency revealed interesting results. Despite the dramatically decreased amount of time needed, the number of identified ICRSs from literature increased. During the abovementioned pilot study of automated local literature monitoring lasting 2 months, 31 safety cases were identified valid and non-valid ICSRs.
This is much more than usual rate of safety cases finding. It offers increasing efficiency in safety information identification with less time spent on routine activities. Certificate of copyright in Ukraine. Hyperacute toxicity is a recent newly described entity, albeit incompletely characterized [3]. We selected reports with available information to calculate a plausible time-to-onset. Events of interest were classified into fulminant within 7 days and hyper-acute cases within 21 days, i.
Cases were described in terms of demographic and clinical features: age, gender, anticancer regimen combination vs monotherapy , therapeutic indications, seriousness hospitalization , case fatality rate CFR, namely the proportion of cases where death was reported as outcome , co-reported symptoms, co-reported irAEs. The Immune-Adversome was estimated considering events as nodes and co-reporting as links.
Hyperacute cases 18, represented Monotherapy was reported in the majority of cases Pyrexia, diarrhea, fatigue, dyspnea were the most frequently reported symptoms. Hyperacute myocarditis was reported in Among fulminant cases, most frequent irAEs were interstitial lung disease , colitis , hypothyroidism , and myocarditis Other co-occurring irAEs were colitis-hepatitis-thyroiditis, and arthritis and psoriasis.
Our network approach may complement traditional disproportionality analyses in pharmacovigilance for a more effective signal detection technique, thus supporting regulatory and clinical monitoring, especially in complex scenario such as oncology. Target Oncol ; — Oncologist ; — Hyperacute toxicity with combination ipilimumab and anti-PD1 immunotherapy.
Eur J Cancer ; — Introduction: The prolongation of the QT interval is a serious and potentially fatal adverse reaction that has led to the discontinuation of many drugs including some opioids. Data mining on pharmacovigilance databases can detect signals that identify early the risk associated with some drugs. Results: A total of drug-reaction pairs was found in opioid reports.
Analysis of individual opioids show significant signals for QT prolongation for each drug. The temporal evolution of the different signals according to the number of reports included from to shows early significant positivization of signals in the first 6 to 12 months.
Underlying mechanism is unknown, but it seems to be linked to hERG channel blocking. We propose the evaluation of the trend of change in the confidence intervals of the disproportionality parameters as a measure that can predict the occurrence of clinical events at the population level and a posible usefull strategy to minimize adverse reactions. Introduction: Language and speech are increasingly debated as potential markers for diagnosing and monitoring patients with affective and psychotic disorders 1—3.
However, many neglected factors may confound communicative atypicalities. A comprehensive list of potential confounding drugs will support the design of robust communicative marker studies. Objective: We aim at identifying a list of drugs potentially associated with speech and language disorders, within psychotic and affective disorders.
Within the FAERS, we considered separately 3 populations psychotic, affective and non-neuropsychiatric disorders , to account for the confounding role of different underlying conditions. Robustness analyses were performed to account for the biases. Results: We identified a list of potential expected and 91 unexpected confounding medications for the identification of communication markers of affective and psychotic disorders e.
We developed also a MedDRA query proposal for speech and language conditions, formalization of possible biases, and related analyses to account for them. Conclusion: We provided a list of medications to be accounted for in future studies of communicative bio-behavioral markers in affective and psychotic disorders. The methodological procedure we developed does not simply facilitate future investigations of communicative biomarkers in other conditions, more crucially it provides a case-study in more rigorous procedures for digital phenotyping in general.
Insel TR. Automated assessment of psychiatric disorders using speech: A systematic review. Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology. Voice patterns in schizophrenia: A systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis. Schizophr Res. Introduction: The comparison of safety profiles for products recently on the market is difficult. There is a lack of methodology for quantifying the potential differences between products that have the same indication.
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