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Postgraduate Medical Journal ; 64 : — Perioperative management and surgical outcome of the acromegalic patient with sleep apnea. Neurosurgery ; 36 : 70 — 74; discussion 74— Nocturnal breathing abnormalities in acromegaly after adenomectomy.

Clinical Endocrinology ; 43 : — Sleep-disordered breathing in acromegalics-relation of hormonal levels and quantative sleep study by means of bedside oximeter.

Endocrine Journal ; 46 : — Medical treatment of acromegaly: comorbidities and their reversibility by somatostatin analogs. Neuroendocrinology ; 83 : — Relief of sleep apnoea after treatment of acromegaly: report of three cases and review of the literature. European Respiratory Journal ; 10 : — Effect of octreotide, a somatostatin analog, on sleep apnea in patients with acromegaly.

Criteria for cure of acromegaly: a consensus statement. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism ; 85 : — American Academy of Sleep Medicine Task Force Report Sleep-related breathing disorders in adults: recommendations for syndrome definition and measurement techniques in clinical research. Sleep ; 22 : — The committee on M-mode standardization of the America Society of Echocardiography. Recommendations regarding quantification in M-mode echocardiography: results of a survey of echocardiography measurements.

Circulation ; 58 : — Devereux RB , Reichek N. Echocardiographic determination of left ventricular mass in man. Anatomic validation of the method. Circulation ; 55 : — The long-term cardiovascular outcome of different GH-lowering treatments in acromegaly.

Pituitary ; 11 : 13 — Risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in adults. Incidence of sleep-disordered breathing in an urban adult population: the relative importance of risk factors in the development of sleep-disordered breathing. Disorders of glucose metabolism in sleep apnea. Journal of Applied Physiology ; 99 : — Determinants of clinical outcome and survival in acromegaly.

Clinical Endocrinology ; 41 : 95 — Wolk R , Somers VK. Cardiovascular consequences of obstructive sleep apnea. Clinics in Chest Medicine ; 24 : — EJE is committed to supporting researchers in demonstrating the impact of their articles published in the journal.

The two types of article metrics we measure are i more traditional full-text views and pdf downloads, and ii Altmetric data, which shows the wider impact of articles in a range of non-traditional sources, such as social media. Author guidelines Reasons to publish Ethical policy Open-access policy Publication charges Author resource centre.

Advanced Search Help. Sleep apnoea syndrome is highly prevalent in acromegaly and only partially reversible after biochemical control of the disease in European Journal of Endocrinology. Free access. Download PDF. Check for updates. Get Permissions. Background Whether sleep apnoea syndrome SAS subsides after biochemical and clinical remission of acromegaly is controversial.

Objective To assess the presence of SAS in a cohort of acromegalic patients, which included a subgroup with active disease and a subgroup in remission, and to evaluate clinical and biochemical independent predictors of SAS.

Design Cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Setting Italian university department of internal medicine. Patients About 36 acromegalic patients: 18 active and 18 controlled.

Measurements Polysomnography was performed in all patients and repeated in six with active acromegaly and SAS after achieving disease control.

Conclusion SAS can persist after recovery of acromegaly in several patients. Abstract Background Whether sleep apnoea syndrome SAS subsides after biochemical and clinical remission of acromegaly is controversial. Patients and methods This is a cross-sectional and longitudinal study carried out in a cohort of acromegalic patients recruited from a University Center between and Cross-sectional study Thirty-six patients 18 women, 18 men, mean s.

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of active acromegalic patients. Table 2 Polysomnographic parameters of active acromegalic patients. Table 3 Clinical characteristics of controlled acromegalic patients. Table 4 Polysomnographic parameters of controlled acromegalic patients. Longitudinal study Out of the ten patients with active acromegaly and SAS, six male patients mean s. Table 5 Clinical and polysomnographic parameters of patients in the longitudinal study.

Statistical analysis The results are expressed as means s. Figure 1 Severity of SAS in active and controlled acromegalic patients. Predictive factors: anthropometric and disease-specific parameters SAS occurred significantly more frequently in male than in female patients 12 men, Effect of treatments Among the group of controlled acromegaly no difference was found regarding the modality of treatment between the 11 patients without SAS five only surgery, one surgery with radiotherapy, one surgery plus somatostatin analogues, four surgery plus radiotherapy and somatostatin analogues and the seven patients with SAS one only surgery, two surgery plus radiotherapy, two surgery plus somatostatin analogues, one surgery plus radiotherapy and somatostatin analogues, one only somatostatin analogues.

Echocardiographic parameters Seventeen out of 31 patients had left ventricular hypertrophy mean s. Declaration of interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that would prejudice the impartiality of this scientific work.

Funding This research did not receive any specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sector. Neurosurgery ; 36 : 70 — 74; discussion 74—75 false. Devereux RB Reichek N. Wolk R Somers VK. More information is on the Reasons to publish page.

Yang et al. However, this increase in circulating plasmablasts was not confirmed in a subsequent study including only children with SSNS Altogether, these data suggest that alterations of the B-cell homeostasis observed in pediatric and adult INS patients are quite dissimilar, possibly due to the different maturity of the immune system between adults and children This could also in part explain the distinct timing of response to steroid treatment in pediatric and adult patients with INS 2 , 4 , since prednisone differentially targets each B-cell subset Additional studies are needed to define the key pathogenic B-cell subset s in INS.

The main objective of this study will be to demonstrate that the use of rituximab from the initial episode of MCD in adults may significantly reduce the risk of subsequent relapses and limit prolonged exposure to steroids without serious adverse events.

Enrolled patients will be rigorously classified as steroid-sensitive, steroid-dependent or steroid-resistant INS based on their response to a standardized induction therapy with prednisone. In addition, this prospective trial will include an extensive B and T lymphocyte subpopulation monitoring, in order to investigate the potential close relationship between lymphocyte subpopulations and treatment response at different crucial timepoints and in different forms of the disease.

The obtained results will help to improve our understanding of the role of lymphocyte subsets in the pathogenesis of INS in adulthood. The recent successful use of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies as supportive treatment of some forms of INS in children and adult patients provide additional evidence of a potential key role of B lymphocytes in the pathophysiological processes involved in this quite mysterious glomerular disease.

Further studies are needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms by which and which B lymphocytes subpopulation could target the glomerular filtration barrier. Analysis of the data and preparation of the figure: MC and JO. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers.

Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. Front Immunol. Published online Jan Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Corresponding author. This article was submitted to Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Disorders, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology. Received Nov 26; Accepted Jan 4. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author s and the copyright owner s are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice.

No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Abstract The therapeutic efficacy of B-cell depletion by anti-CD20 treatment in pediatric and, more recently, in adult idiopathic nephrotic syndrome patients suggests a key role of B cells in the pathogenesis of the disease.

Introduction Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome INS , which includes two main histological entities, minimal change disease MCD and primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis FSGS , is the most frequent glomerular disease in childhood, with an incidence of 1. Open in a separate window. Figure 1. B-Cell Phenotype and Function B cells are a heterogeneous population composed by different subsets and the physiological distribution of these subpopulations is age-dependent Pathogenic Antibodies in INS In contrast to the vast majority of the glomerular diseases, INS is usually not considered an antibody-mediated disease due to the lack of immunoglobulin deposits in kidney biopsies B-Cell Phenotype in INS In , the casual observation of a sustained NS remission in a boy treated with rituximab for his recurrent idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura proves for the first time the pathogenic role of B cells in INS 8.

Table 1 B-cell phenotype in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome patients. Conflict of Interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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